The economy of early Renaissance Europe, 1300-1460
Harry A. Miskimin
A study of economic development and change in England, France, Germany, Scandinavia, Central Europe, Spain and Italy during the 14th and 15th centuries.

by Mindele Anne Treip (1994)
Literary allegory has deep roots in early reading and interpretation of Scripture and classical epic and myth. In this substantial study Mindele Treip presents an overview of the history and theory of allegory in and allegorical exegesis upon Scripture, poetry and especially the epic from antiquity to the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, with close focus on the Renaissance and on the triangular literary relationship of Tasso, Spenser and Milton. Exploring the different ways in which the term allegory has been understood, Treip finds significant continuities-within-differences in a wide range of critical writings, including texts of postclassical, patristic and rabbinical writers, medieval writers, notably Dante, Renaissance theorists such as Coluccio Salutati, Bacon, Sidney, John Harington and rhetoricians and mythographers, and the neoclassical critics of Italy, England and France, including Le Bossu. In particular, she traces the evolving theories on allegory and the epic of Torquato Tasso through a wide spectrum of his major discourses, shorter trace and letters, giving full translations. Treip argues that Milton wrote, as in part did Spenser, within the definitive framework of the mixed historical-allegorical epic erected by Tasso, and she shows Spenser's and Milton's epics as significantly shaped by Tasso's formulations, as well as by his allegorical structures and images in the Gerusalemme liberata. In the last part of her study Treip addresses the complex problematics of reading Paradise Lost as both a consciously Reformation poem and one written within the older epic allegorical tradition, and she also illustrates Milton's innovative uses of biblical "Accommodation" theory so as to create a variety of radical allegorical metaphors in his poem. This study brings together a wide range of critical issues - the Homeric-Virgilian tradition of allegorical reading of epic; early Renaissance theory of all poetry as "translation" or allegorical metaphor; midrashic linguistic techniques in the representation of the Word; Milton's God; neoclassical strictures on Milton's allegory and allegory in general - all of these are brought together in new and comprehensive perspective. Allegorical Poe tics and the Epic, with its redefining of allegorical mode and language and its revisionary readings of Tasso's theories and Milton's artistry, will interest not only Miltonists, Spenserians and students of comparative literature but all concerned with the history of epic, rhetoric and the newly developing fields of language theory and theory of allegory.
Harry A. Miskimin
A study of economic development and change in England, France, Germany, Scandinavia, Central Europe, Spain and Italy during the 14th and 15th centuries.
S. H. Rigby
Whilst the Canterbury Tales are universally acknowledged as one of the great texts of English literature, there is perhaps less critical agreement about their meaning than for any other work in the English literary canon. In particular, critics and historians have been unable to reach any consensus about the social, political and religious values which Chaucer favoured. Did his writings represent a challenge to the dominant social outlook of his day or were they intended to reinforce the contemporary status quo? Was Chaucer a poet of profound religious piety or a sceptic who questioned all religious and moral certainties? Was he a defender of women or a misogynist whose writings reproduced the antifeminism characteristic of his time? How do Chaucer's works relate to medieval ideas about the nature and purposes of poetry? Do his pilgrims reflect the social reality of his day or were they the expression of traditional literary conventions? Writing as an historian, Rigby argues that instead of seeking to modernise Chaucer, we need to locate his work in the context of the thought, social issues and political controversies of Chaucer's own day.
Eric Jager
Why was the story of Adam, Eve, and the Serpent so important to medieval literary culture? Eric Jager argues that during the Middle Ages the story of the Fall was incorporated into a comprehensive myth about language. Drawing on a wide range of texts, Jager shows how patristic and medieval authors used the Fall to confront practical and theoretical problems in many areas of life and thought - including education, hermeneutics, rhetoric, feudal politics, and gender relations. Jager explores the Fall's meaning for clergy and laity, nobles and commoners, men and women. Among the works Jager discusses are texts by Ambrose, Augustine, the early Christian poet Avitus, and scholastic authors; Old English biblical epics; Middle English spiritual writings; French courtesy books; and the poetry of Dante and Chaucer. Examples from the visual arts are included as well. Jager links medieval interpretations of the Fall to underlying cultural anxieties about the ambiguity of the sign, the instability of oral tradition, the pleasure of the text, and the many rhetorical guises of the tempter's voice. He also assesses the modern and postmodern legacy of the Fall, showing how this myth continues to embody central ideas concerning language . The Tempter's Voice will be essential reading for scholars and students in such fields as medieval studies, literary theory, gender theory, comparative literature, cultural history, and the history of religion.
Catherine Jinks
The award-winning Pagan Chronicles are international bestsellers. And the action-packed epic continues with the adventures of Babylonne - as feisty, funny and irresistible as her famous father. 'The quality and pace of Jinks's writing is flawless . . . a triumph.'- Sydney Morning Herald'We've forbidden her to speak. We've stuffed her mouth with tow. We've shaved off her hair, once or twice. We've even locked her in that chest over there. And she remains incorrigible. She's eaten up with sin, Holy Father, I don't know what to do with her any more.'At sixteen, Babylonne is desperate. She's been starved and beaten, she's endured six bloody sieges, and now her aunt wants her to marry a crazy old man who thinks he's a giant olive.Can she trust the mysterious priest who's been spying on her, claiming to be a friend of her father's? Or would it be better to fight - and perhaps die - in the long, vicious war with the French?Catherine Jinks's award-winning Pagan series are international bestsellers. Now her action-packed epic continues with Book Five of the Pagan Chronicles - Pagan's daughter, Babylonne, is as feisty, funny and irresistible as her famous father.'Full of the richly-textured, high-smelling, highly individualistic atmosphere of the Middle Ages,Catherine Jinks's Pagan series offers unforgettable characters in an extraordinary setting and time,presented in crisp, pungent prose.' - Sophie Masson