by Friedrich Nietzsche, Walter Kaufmann (1886)
Nietzsche systematically tears down traditional Western metaphysics and dogmatic morality, laying the groundwork for existentialist thought, the will to power, and free spirits of the future.
Friedrich Nietzsche, R.J. Hollingdale
A poetic philosophical masterpiece in which the prophet Zarathustra descends from his mountain cave to preach the death of God, the arrival of the Übermensch, and the eternal return of all things.
Mahatma Gandhi
Gandhi central political manifesto, Hind Swaraj (Indian Home Rule), written in 1909. In it, Gandhi critiques modern Western civilization, lays out the doctrine of satyagraha, and articulates a vision for decentralized, self-reliant human communities.
Inessa Medzhibovskaya
"The first book-length study on the subject in any language, Tolstoy and the Religious Culture of His Time treats Tolstoy's experience not as a conversion moment but as the evolution of his religious outlook over half a lifetime. Inessa Medzhibovskaya bases her discussion on Tolstoy's religious ongoing dialogue with the tradition of conversion in Europe and Russia, from Saint Paul to Dostoevsky, while thoroughly reexaming several of his major works from this perspective: War and Peace, Anna Karenina, The Death of Ivan Il'ich, A Confession, and On Life." "Medzhibovskaya emphasizes Tolstoy's openness to diverse intellectual currents such as German romantic philosophy, the natural sciences, and the historical school of Christianity, and argues that the major landmarks of Tolstoy's spiritual evolution occurred spontaneously, deliberately, and sincerely. The polyphony and autonomy of discreet spiritual moments that Tolstoy created by fusing his narratives of conversion with the religious and artistic realms is arguably his greatest contribution to spiritual autobiography."--BOOK JACKET.
M.T. Pearse
This is a doctoral dissertation, examining the assortment of religious dissenters who fall between very late Lollardy ('known men') and early English Separatism ('visible saints'). Many, but not all, of these had roots in late Lollardy but, for all that Wycliffe is often accounted 'the morning star of the Reformation', did not find official Protestantism any more to their taste than Catholicism had been. In most cases, this was because many Lollard groups, having lived an underground, sectarian existence, had moved away from Wycliffe's ideas to focus more narrowly upon biblicism and the 'pure' group. Though almost none became Anabaptists, they were often denounced as such — and indeed, there frequently were affinities. The book explores the radicals' principal theological concerns and shows that these were, at their heart, ecclesiological.