Feminism, Science, and the Philosophy of Science

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Chana B. Cox

"Liberty: God's Gift to Humanity is a defense of liberalism, the political philosophy which holds that governments should be established for the protection of individual liberty. Since the seventeenth century the bond between liberalism and religion has been strong. Where and when that bond has been severed, liberalism has withered and religion has become tyrannical. Although libertarians, free market economists, and the Christian right often disagree about the nature of man and the nature of the universe, this work provides a philosophically and historically coherent account of their shared commitment to limited government and individual liberty."--Jacket.

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Pierre Duhem

Here, for the first time in English, are the philosophical essays - including the first statement of the "Duhem Thesis" - that formed the basis for Aim and Structure of Physical Theory, together with new translations of the historiographical essays presenting the equally celebrated "Continuity Thesis" by Pierre Duhem (1861-1916), a founding figure of the history and philosophy of science. Prefaced by an introduction on Duhem's intellectual development and continuing significance, here as well are important subsequent essays in which Duhem elaborated key concepts and critiqued such contemporaries as Henri Poincare and Ernst Mach. Together, these works offer a lively picture of the state of science at the turn of the century while addressing methodological issues that remain at the center of debate today.

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Albert Jacquard

"Jamais, sans doute, les incertitudes de chacun devant la société et l'avenir personnel ou collectif n'ont été aussi fortes, les systèmes religieux ou idéologiques aussi fragilisés. Généticien de renom, mais aussi homme d'engagement et de culture, Albert Jacquard s'intéresse ici aux principales questions de la vie. D'Autrui à Sagesse, d'Ethique ou Démographie à Hitler ou Origine, il aborde, en conversation avec Huguette Planès, enseignante de philosophie, trente grands sujets éternels ou actuels. S'appuyant sur les travaux des scientifiques ou sur les doctrines philosophiques de référence, il nous donne des clefs, des questions, des réponses, et, qu'on le lise de A à Z ou au gré de sa curiosité, il incite à poursuivre la réflexion librement, par soi-même, à travers d'autres lectures."--Book cover.

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Marcello Pera

In this greatly anticipated revision and translation of Scienza e Retorica, Marcello Pera argues that rhetoric is central to the making of scientific knowledge. Pera begins with an attack on what he calls the "Cartesian syndrome," the fixation on method shared by supporters of both the "standard" and "new" philosophies of science. He argues that in linking scientific rationality to methodological rules, both sides get it wrong. Scientific knowledge is neither the mirror of nature provided by a universal method, nor a cultural construct imposed by subjective interests. Pera proposes to overcome the tension between normative and descriptive philosophies of science by focusing on rhetoric in the construction and acceptance of theories. Examining the uses of argumentation in Galileo's Dialogue, Darwin's Origin, and the big bang-steady state controversy in cosmology, Pera shows that scientific research is not just an interchange between nature and the observer. Rather, science is a three-way interaction among nature, the investigator, and a questioning community which, through the process of attack, defense, and dispute, determines what science is. Rhetoric, then, understood as the practice of scientific argumentation, is an essential element in the constitution of science. . As a powerful alternative to dominant philosophies of science and a bold reconsideration of rhetoric and dialectic more broadly, this book addresses contemporary questions in philosophy, rhetoric, history of science, literary criticism, and cognitive science.