by Richard H. Mitchell (1996)
The term "structural corruption" is often used when discussing modern Japan's political system - a system that forces politicians to exchange favors with businessmen in return for funds to finance their political careers. Scholars argue that the origins of corruption can be found in the "iron triangles" formed by politicians, bureaucrats, and businessmen during the postwar era or during the Pacific War years. This book, however, illustrates that structural corruption originated in the prewar era. In his examination of malfeasance in public office, Richard Mitchell systematically surveys political bribery in Japan's historical and cultural contexts from antiquity to the present. His narrative serially considers the scandals involving courtiers in the ancient imperial government, corruption among the shogun's samurai officials, and political bribery among businessmen, bureaucrats, and party politicians since the inauguration of Western forms of government in the mid-nineteenth century. Mitchell concludes that, despite a history of moral restraints and antibribery laws, bribery was as ubiquitous in premodern Japan as it has been in recent times. Focusing on the period since 1868, Mitchell discusses in fascinating detail changes in political bribery in the wake of suffrage expansion, estimates of the enormous amount of campaign money needed to win a Diet seat in both the prewar and postwar periods, and the low conviction rate of suspected takers of bribes. Furthermore, Mitchell points out what is typical and atypical in the Japanese experience by comparing it with that of China, Korea, England, and the United States. Here is a highly readable and reliable survey of an important yet largely neglected topic in English-language studies of Japanese political history.
Candace M. Robb
In 14th Century England, the actor who played Jesus in the Mercers' Guild Corpus Christi play is killed and his hand severed. Captain Archer is ordered by the Archbishop of York to find the killer. By the author of The Apothecary Rose.
Fred Emery
Now with a new afterword by the author, here is the definitive history of the Watergate scandal - based on the most recently released tapes, in-depth interviews with many of the participants, and hundreds of official and unofficial documents, including notes Haldeman omitted from his own published diaries. Emery's comprehensive coverage and penetrating insights clear up many uncertainties that may still remain about the scandal and the extent of Nixon's involvement. Authoritative and compelling, Watergate is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand fully this traumatizing episode in America's history that challenged the integrity of its political system.
Constance Jordan
Constance Jordan looks at how Shakespeare, through his romances, contributed to the cultural debates over the nature of monarchy in Jacobean England. Stressing the differences between absolutist and constitutionalist principles of rule, Jordan reveals Shakespeare's investment in the idea that a head of state should be responsive to law, and not be governed by his unbridled will. Conflicts within royal courts which occur in the romances show wives, daughters, and servants resisting tyrannical husbands, fathers, masters, and monarchs by relying on the authority of conscience. Shakespeare's Monarchies recognizes the romances as politically inflected texts and confirms Shakespeare's involvement in the public discourse of the period.
Walter R. Borneman
In Polk, Walter R. Borneman gives us the first complete and authoritative biography of a president often overshadowed in image but seldom outdone in accomplishment. James K. Polk occupied the White House for only four years, from 1845 to 1849, but he plotted and attained a formidable agenda: He fought for and won tariff reductions, reestablished an independent Treasury, and, most notably, brought Texas into the Union, bluffed Great Britain out of the lion's share of Oregon, and wrested California and much of the Southwest from Mexico. On reflection, these successes seem even more impressive, given the contentious political environment of the time.In this unprecedented, long-overdue warts-and-all look at Polk's life and career, we have a portrait of an expansionist president and decisive statesman who redefined the country he led, and we are reminded anew of the true meaning of presidential accomplishment and resolve.From the Trade Paperback edition.